Hello Issac,
The use of OSB for interior wall surfaces is a non-standard practice and maybe in violation of some building codes. Installing a plaster surface onto OSB is difficult and usually requires some special adhesives and techniques in order to function. For exampe, it might require the application of a mesh on all the surfaces in order to compensate for the natural movement in the wood.
As you have described it, the failure of the plaster surfaces shows that this interior wall surface was installed in a sub-standard manner - does not meet minimum practices of the trades. It has failed preternaturally and partial repairs are unlikely to produce a lasting result. It maybe possible to remove all of the plaster material (drywall mud or whatever) clean the OSB surface, apply an adhesive primer/base and then apply a new plaster surface. The cost of such repairs are most likely going to be much higher than the removal of the OSB and the installation of a drywall surface. It might be possible to leave the OSB on the walls in areas of cabinets etc. but even that will depend upon applicable codes.
The cost of any of these options is most certainly going to be much higher than $500.00. The total cost is likely to be twice that of a new drywall installation and the results are likely to be problematic at best.
You mention that the house was remodeled prior to sale. This might suggest that other work was also done at the same time as the OSB wall work. If that is that case then I urge you to have all of that worked inspected by a professional. My experience tells me that work practices tend to be consistant, consistantly good, average or bad. As such you may find that some of the other remodeling work might also be sub-standard.
I will not attempt to give you any legal advice, I am not an attorney. But here are a few questions that you should have answered by your attorney:
1. What are the special responsibilities of an agent who is also the seller of a property?
2. Can the broker or your realtor's association provide you with any help?
3. Are there some disclosure requiremements in your area and did the seller and agents comply with those?
Good luck!
George